Muhammadu Buhari

2023 Fiscal & Tax Finance Act 2023 Last major Finance Act under Buhari — raised the tertiary education tax to 3%, expanded digital tax to non-resident companies, and introduced the controversial 0.5% cybersecurity levy. Partly superseded 2023 Electoral & Democracy Constitution (Fifth Alteration) Acts 2023 Suite of 16 constitutional amendments — including financial autonomy for state legislatures + judiciary, and devolution of railway + electricity to concurrent list. In force 2022 Telecom & Digital Nigeria Startup Act 2022 Legal and institutional framework for Nigerian startups — a labelling system, tax and investment incentives, a Startup Investment Seed Fund and a National Council chaired by the President. In force 2022 Labour & Social National Health Insurance Authority Act 2022 Replaced the 1999 NHIS Act. Made health insurance mandatory for all Nigerians, transformed NHIS into the National Health Insurance Authority. In force 2022 Banking & Finance Money Laundering (Prevention and Prohibition) Act 2022 Modernised AML regime — creates the Special Control Unit Against Money Laundering, broadens DNFBP coverage to lawyers, accountants, real-estate. In force 2022 Governance & Public Sector Terrorism (Prevention and Prohibition) Act 2022 Repealed the 2011/2013 counter-terrorism law and modernised Nigeria’s anti-terrorism and terrorism-financing framework. In force 2022 Electoral & Democracy Electoral Act 2022 Modernised election machinery — legalised electronic voter accreditation (BVAS), result transmission (IReV) and early party primaries. Repealed and re-enacted with amendments as the Electoral Act 2026 ahead of the 2027 polls. Amended 2021 Power & Energy Climate Change Act 2021 Establishes Nigeria's net-zero-by-2060 commitment in law; creates the National Council on Climate Change. In force 2021 Power & Energy Petroleum Industry Act 2021 20-year reform of Nigerian oil & gas governance — incorporates NNPCL, restructures fiscal terms, creates host community trusts. In force 2020 Banking & Finance Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act 2020 Modernised the 1991 BOFIA — strengthens CBN supervisory powers, introduces credit-risk management framework, creates Banking Sector Resolution Fund. In force 2020 Governance & Public Sector Nigeria Police Act 2020 First overhaul of Nigerian policing law since 1943 — modernised the Force's mandate, 4-year IGP tenure, community policing committees, statutory officer-welfare provisions. In force 2020 Land, Property & Trade Companies and Allied Matters Act 2020 Modernised company law — single-member companies allowed, electronic incorporation, beneficial ownership transparency, e-AGM permitted. In force 2020 Fiscal & Tax Finance Act 2019 The first of Buhari’s annual Finance Acts — raised VAT to 7.5% and delivered the biggest tax overhaul in two decades. Partly superseded 2019 Fiscal & Tax Deep Offshore and Inland Basin Production Sharing Contracts (Amendment) Act 2019 Raised deep-offshore oil royalties for the first time in over two decades — later superseded by the Petroleum Industry Act 2021. Repealed 2019 Governance & Public Sector Nigerian Correctional Service Act 2019 First prisons-law overhaul in ~five decades — rebranded the Prison Service as the Nigerian Correctional Service. In force 2019 Governance & Public Sector Nigeria Police Trust Fund (Establishment) Act 2019 Created the Nigeria Police Trust Fund and the 0.5% Police Trust Fund Levy — the levy is now consolidated into the 4% Development Levy under NTA 2025. Partly superseded 2019 Banking & Finance Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018 Nigeria's first comprehensive competition/antitrust and consumer-protection statute. In force 2019 Governance & Public Sector Discrimination Against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act 2018 First national law prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities, after ~9 years of advocacy. In force 2018 Electoral & Democracy Constitution (Fourth Alteration, No. 27) Act 2018 — Not Too Young To Run Constitutional amendment lowering the minimum age to contest key elective offices. In force 2016 Governance & Public Sector Whistleblower Policy (Federal Government, 2016) Administrative policy (not a statute) — informants reporting financial crime entitled to 2.5%-5% of recoveries, with statutory backing pending. Administrative policy